From 4f7d4804234f5515a4dded8b05d9568653b7ae3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thibaut Horel Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 12:32:08 -0400 Subject: Add paper --- paper/sig-alternate.tex | 418 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 418 insertions(+) create mode 100644 paper/sig-alternate.tex (limited to 'paper/sig-alternate.tex') diff --git a/paper/sig-alternate.tex b/paper/sig-alternate.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..623b0f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/paper/sig-alternate.tex @@ -0,0 +1,418 @@ +\documentclass{sig-alternate} + +\begin{document} +\conferenceinfo{WOODSTOCK}{'97 El Paso, Texas USA} +\title{Alternate {\ttlit ACM} SIG Proceedings Paper in LaTeX +Format\titlenote{(Produces the permission block, and +copyright information). For use with +SIG-ALTERNATE.CLS. Supported by ACM.}} + +\numberofauthors{2} +\alignauthor +Ben Trovato\titlenote{Dr.~Trovato insisted his name be first.}\\ + \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\ + \affaddr{1932 Wallamaloo Lane}\\ + \affaddr{Wallamaloo, New Zealand}\\ + \email{trovato@corporation.com} +\alignauthor +G.K.M. Tobin\titlenote{The secretary disavows +any knowledge of this author's actions.}\\ + \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\ + \affaddr{P.O. Box 1212}\\ + \affaddr{Dublin, Ohio 43017-6221}\\ + \email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com} +} +\date{30 July 1999} + +\maketitle +\begin{abstract} +\end{abstract} + +\category{H.4}{Information Systems Applications}{Miscellaneous} +\category{D.2.8}{Software Engineering}{Metrics}[complexity measures, performance measures] +\terms{Theory} +\keywords{ACM proceedings, \LaTeX, text tagging} + +\section{Introduction} +The \textit{proceedings} are the records of a conference. +ACM seeks to give these conference by-products a uniform, +high-quality appearance. To do this, ACM has some rigid +requirements for the format of the proceedings documents: there +is a specified format (balanced double columns), a specified +set of fonts (Arial or Helvetica and Times Roman) in +certain specified sizes (for instance, 9 point for body copy), +a specified live area (18 $\times$ 23.5 cm [7" $\times$ 9.25"]) centered on +the page, specified size of margins (1.9 cm [0.75"]) top, (2.54 cm [1"]) bottom +and (1.9 cm [.75"]) left and right; specified column width +(8.45 cm [3.33"]) and gutter size (.83 cm [.33"]). + +The good news is, with only a handful of manual +settings\footnote{Two of these, the {\texttt{\char'134 numberofauthors}} +and {\texttt{\char'134 alignauthor}} commands, you have +already used; another, {\texttt{\char'134 balancecolumns}}, will +be used in your very last run of \LaTeX\ to ensure +balanced column heights on the last page.}, the \LaTeX\ document +class file handles all of this for you. + +The remainder of this document is concerned with showing, in +the context of an ``actual'' document, the \LaTeX\ commands +specifically available for denoting the structure of a +proceedings paper, rather than with giving rigorous descriptions +or explanations of such commands. + +\section{The {\secit Body} of The Paper} +Typically, the body of a paper is organized +into a hierarchical structure, with numbered or unnumbered +headings for sections, subsections, sub-subsections, and even +smaller sections. The command \texttt{{\char'134}section} that +precedes this paragraph is part of such a +hierarchy.\footnote{This is the second footnote. It +starts a series of three footnotes that add nothing +informational, but just give an idea of how footnotes work +and look. It is a wordy one, just so you see +how a longish one plays out.} \LaTeX\ handles the numbering +and placement of these headings for you, when you use +the appropriate heading commands around the titles +of the headings. If you want a sub-subsection or +smaller part to be unnumbered in your output, simply append an +asterisk to the command name. Examples of both +numbered and unnumbered headings will appear throughout the +balance of this sample document. + +Because the entire article is contained in +the \textbf{document} environment, you can indicate the +start of a new paragraph with a blank line in your +input file; that is why this sentence forms a separate paragraph. + +\subsection{Type Changes and {\subsecit Special} Characters} +We have already seen several typeface changes in this sample. You +can indicate italicized words or phrases in your text with +the command \texttt{{\char'134}textit}; emboldening with the +command \texttt{{\char'134}textbf} +and typewriter-style (for instance, for computer code) with +\texttt{{\char'134}texttt}. But remember, you do not +have to indicate typestyle changes when such changes are +part of the \textit{structural} elements of your +article; for instance, the heading of this subsection will +be in a sans serif\footnote{A third footnote, here. +Let's make this a rather short one to +see how it looks.} typeface, but that is handled by the +document class file. Take care with the use +of\footnote{A fourth, and last, footnote.} +the curly braces in typeface changes; they mark +the beginning and end of +the text that is to be in the different typeface. + +You can use whatever symbols, accented characters, or +non-English characters you need anywhere in your document; +you can find a complete list of what is +available in the \textit{\LaTeX\ +User's Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}. + +\subsection{Math Equations} +You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles: +inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of +the three are discussed in the next sections. + +\subsubsection{Inline (In-text) Equations} +A formula that appears in the running text is called an +inline or in-text formula. It is produced by the +\textbf{math} environment, which can be +invoked with the usual \texttt{{\char'134}begin. . .{\char'134}end} +construction or with the short form \texttt{\$. . .\$}. You +can use any of the symbols and structures, +from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in +\LaTeX\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a +few examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how +this equation: \begin{math}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{math}, +set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when +set in display style. (See next section). + +\subsubsection{Display Equations} +A numbered display equation -- one set off by vertical space +from the text and centered horizontally -- is produced +by the \textbf{equation} environment. An unnumbered display +equation is produced by the \textbf{displaymath} environment. + +Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols +and structures available in \LaTeX; this section will just +give a couple of examples of display equations in context. +First, consider the equation, shown as an inline equation above: +\begin{equation}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{equation} +Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in +the \textbf{displaymath} +environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation: +\begin{displaymath}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1\end{displaymath} +and follow it with another numbered equation: +\begin{equation}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f\end{equation} +just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering. + +\subsection{Citations} +Citations to articles \cite{bowman:reasoning, +clark:pct, braams:babel, herlihy:methodology}, +conference proceedings \cite{clark:pct} or +books \cite{salas:calculus, Lamport:LaTeX} listed +in the Bibliography section of your +article will occur throughout the text of your article. +You should use BibTeX to automatically produce this bibliography; +you simply need to insert one of several citation commands with +a key of the item cited in the proper location in +the \texttt{.tex} file \cite{Lamport:LaTeX}. +The key is a short reference you invent to uniquely +identify each work; in this sample document, the key is +the first author's surname and a +word from the title. This identifying key is included +with each item in the \texttt{.bib} file for your article. + +The details of the construction of the \texttt{.bib} file +are beyond the scope of this sample document, but more +information can be found in the \textit{Author's Guide}, +and exhaustive details in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's +Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}. + +This article shows only the plainest form +of the citation command, using \texttt{{\char'134}cite}. +This is what is stipulated in the SIGS style specifications. +No other citation format is endorsed or supported. + +\subsection{Tables} +Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best +placement for them is typically the top of the page +nearest their initial cite. To +ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the +environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and +the table caption. The contents of the table itself must go +in the \textbf{tabular} environment, to +be aligned properly in rows and columns, with the desired +horizontal and vertical rules. Again, detailed instructions +on \textbf{tabular} material +is found in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}. + +Immediately following this sentence is the point at which +Table 1 is included in the input file; compare the +placement of the table here with the table in the printed +dvi output of this document. + +\begin{table} +\centering +\caption{Frequency of Special Characters} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline +Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\ \hline +\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\ \hline +$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\ \hline +\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\ \hline +$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\ +\hline\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of +the page's live area, use the environment +\textbf{table*} to enclose the table's contents and +the table caption. As with a single-column table, this wide +table will ``float" to a location deemed more desirable. +Immediately following this sentence is the point at which +Table 2 is included in the input file; again, it is +instructive to compare the placement of the +table here with the table in the printed dvi +output of this document. + + +\begin{table*} +\centering +\caption{Some Typical Commands} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline +Command&A Number&Comments\\ \hline +\texttt{{\char'134}alignauthor} & 100& Author alignment\\ \hline +\texttt{{\char'134}numberofauthors}& 200& Author enumeration\\ \hline +\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\ \hline +\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\ \hline\end{tabular} +\end{table*} +% end the environment with {table*}, NOTE not {table}! + +\subsection{Figures} +Like tables, figures cannot be split across pages; the +best placement for them +is typically the top or the bottom of the page nearest +their initial cite. To ensure this proper ``floating'' placement +of figures, use the environment +\textbf{figure} to enclose the figure and its caption. + +This sample document contains examples of \textbf{.eps} +and \textbf{.ps} files to be displayable with \LaTeX. More +details on each of these is found in the \textit{Author's Guide}. + + + +As was the case with tables, you may want a figure +that spans two columns. To do this, and still to +ensure proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the environment +\textbf{figure*} to enclose the figure and its caption. +and don't forget to end the environment with +{figure*}, not {figure}! + + +Note that either {\textbf{.ps}} or {\textbf{.eps}} formats are +used; use +the \texttt{{\char'134}epsfig} or \texttt{{\char'134}psfig} +commands as appropriate for the different file types. + +Other common constructs that may occur in your article are +the forms for logical constructs like theorems, axioms, +corollaries and proofs. There are +two forms, one produced by the +command \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} and the +other by the command \texttt{{\char'134}newdef}; perhaps +the clearest and easiest way to distinguish them is +to compare the two in the output of this sample document: + +This uses the \textbf{theorem} environment, created by +the\linebreak\texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} command: +\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} +\begin{theorem} +Let $f$ be continuous on $[a,b]$. If $G$ is +an antiderivative for $f$ on $[a,b]$, then +\begin{displaymath}\int^b_af(t)dt = G(b) - G(a).\end{displaymath} +\end{theorem} + +The other uses the \textbf{definition} environment, created +by the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command: +\newdef{definition}{Definition} +\begin{definition} +If $z$ is irrational, then by $e^z$ we mean the +unique number which has +logarithm $z$: \begin{displaymath}{\log e^z = z}\end{displaymath} +\end{definition} + +Two lists of constructs that use one of these +forms is given in the +\textit{Author's Guidelines}. + +There is one other similar construct environment, which is +already set up +for you; i.e. you must \textit{not} use +a \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to +create it: the \textbf{proof} environment. Here +is a example of its use: +\begin{proof} +Suppose on the contrary there exists a real number $L$ such that +\begin{displaymath} +\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = L. +\end{displaymath} +Then +\begin{displaymath} +l=\lim_{x\rightarrow c} f(x) += \lim_{x\rightarrow c} +\left[ g{x} \cdot \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right ] += \lim_{x\rightarrow c} g(x) \cdot \lim_{x\rightarrow c} +\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = 0\cdot L = 0, +\end{displaymath} +which contradicts our assumption that $l\neq 0$. +\end{proof} + +Complete rules about using these environments and using the +two different creation commands are in the +\textit{Author's Guide}; please consult it for more +detailed instructions. If you need to use another construct, +not listed therein, which you want to have the same +formatting as the Theorem +or the Definition\cite{salas:calculus} shown above, +use the \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} or the +\texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command, +respectively, to create it. + +\subsection*{A {\secit Caveat} for the \TeX\ Expert} +Because you have just been given permission to +use the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to create a +new form, you might think you can +use \TeX's \texttt{{\char'134}def} to create a +new command: \textit{Please refrain from doing this!} +Remember that your \LaTeX\ source code is primarily intended +to create camera-ready copy, but may be converted +to other forms -- e.g. HTML. If you inadvertently omit +some or all of the \texttt{{\char'134}def}s recompilation will +be, to say the least, problematic. + +\section{Conclusions} +This paragraph will end the body of this sample document. +Remember that you might still have Acknowledgments or +Appendices; brief samples of these +follow. There is still the Bibliography to deal with; and +we will make a disclaimer about that here: with the exception +of the reference to the \LaTeX\ book, the citations in +this paper are to articles which have nothing to +do with the present subject and are used as +examples only. +%\end{document} % This is where a 'short' article might terminate + +%ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are optional +\section{Acknowledgments} +This section is optional; it is a location for you +to acknowledge grants, funding, editing assistance and +what have you. In the present case, for example, the +authors would like to thank Gerald Murray of ACM for +his help in codifying this \textit{Author's Guide} +and the \textbf{.cls} and \textbf{.tex} files that it describes. + +% +% The following two commands are all you need in the +% initial runs of your .tex file to +% produce the bibliography for the citations in your paper. +\bibliographystyle{abbrv} +\bibliography{sigproc} % sigproc.bib is the name of the Bibliography in this case +% You must have a proper ".bib" file +% and remember to run: +% latex bibtex latex latex +% to resolve all references +% +% ACM needs 'a single self-contained file'! +% +%APPENDICES are optional +%\balancecolumns +\appendix +%Appendix A +\section{Headings in Appendices} +The rules about hierarchical headings discussed above for +the body of the article are different in the appendices. +In the \textbf{appendix} environment, the command +\textbf{section} is used to +indicate the start of each Appendix, with alphabetic order +designation (i.e. the first is A, the second B, etc.) and +a title (if you include one). So, if you need +hierarchical structure +\textit{within} an Appendix, start with \textbf{subsection} as the +highest level. Here is an outline of the body of this +document in Appendix-appropriate form: +\subsection{Introduction} +\subsection{The Body of the Paper} +\subsubsection{Type Changes and Special Characters} +\subsubsection{Math Equations} +\paragraph{Inline (In-text) Equations} +\paragraph{Display Equations} +\subsubsection{Citations} +\subsubsection{Tables} +\subsubsection{Figures} +\subsubsection{Theorem-like Constructs} +\subsubsection*{A Caveat for the \TeX\ Expert} +\subsection{Conclusions} +\subsection{Acknowledgments} +\subsection{Additional Authors} +This section is inserted by \LaTeX; you do not insert it. +You just add the names and information in the +\texttt{{\char'134}additionalauthors} command at the start +of the document. +\subsection{References} +Generated by bibtex from your ~.bib file. Run latex, +then bibtex, then latex twice (to resolve references) +to create the ~.bbl file. Insert that ~.bbl file into +the .tex source file and comment out +the command \texttt{{\char'134}thebibliography}. +% This next section command marks the start of +% Appendix B, and does not continue the present hierarchy +\section{More Help for the Hardy} +The sig-alternate.cls file itself is chock-full of succinct +and helpful comments. If you consider yourself a moderately +experienced to expert user of \LaTeX, you may find reading +it useful but please remember not to change it. +%\balancecolumns % GM June 2007 +% That's all folks! +\end{document} -- cgit v1.2.3-70-g09d2